Improper valve timing can cause detonation, generally by creating a lean mixture from the intake valves opening too early and then obviously closing too soon. I would pull your plugs and look for indications of a lean mixture.
You didn’t have the problem prior to changing the belts so I would take another look at your belts even though it is a pain to do. Also double check your valve adjustment.
With the engine running check the exhaust pressure at the tail pipe and see if it feels the same on both sides.